Secondary Sources

Books

  • Bédarida, François. A Social History of France 1789-1914. London: Routledge, 1990.
  • Gille, Bertrand. Histoire des Techniques. Paris: Gallimard, 1978.
  • Hecht, Gabrielle. The Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.
  • Picon, Antoine. French Architects and Engineers in the Age of Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Journal Articles

  • Numerous peer-reviewed articles from:
  • Annales des Mines
  • Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
  • Technology and Culture
  • Research Policy
  • Entreprises et Histoire

Digital Resources

  • French Tech official website and reports
  • OECD Innovation Statistics
  • European Innovation Scoreboard
  • Various institutional websites and databases

[Note: This is a representative bibliography. A complete academic bibliography would be substantially longer and include specific citations for all claims made in the text.]

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# Index

[A comprehensive index would follow, organizing key terms, people, companies, and concepts for easy reference. Given the length and complexity of this work, the index would likely run 15-20 pages.]

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